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21.
实施精准农业是促进农业可持续发展的有效途径,而变量施肥是精准农业的核心.介绍了一种基于养分平衡法的变量施肥决策支持系统的功能及其组成,并将气候条件考虑到参数的确定中,初次利用气候条件确定其中一个参数-\"目标产量\",从而使施肥量更加合理.系统综合考虑了气候条件对目标产量的影响,比传统的以地定产法更贴近实际;以ASP.NE...  相似文献   
22.
    
In order to understand the effects of seasonal change on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond, A. japonicus with body weight of 12.2 ± 4.5 g (sample A) and 32.6 ± 7.1 g (sample B), respectively, were collected monthly and randomly from a typical pond during a year cycle and employed for the evaluation of immunocompetence. Simultaneously, the environmental factors in the pond including water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a handheld multiparameter meter. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coelomic fluid were selected for the evaluation of A. japonicus immunocompetence and determined using biochemical methods. The results showed that in both samples, the activities of all determined enzymes had small values in winter and early spring, and LYZ, CAT and MPO activities also presented small values in summer, suggesting that pond‐cultured A. japonicus underwent immunosuppression twice during a year cycle, and the immunosuppression occurred in winter and early spring was more severe than that occurred in summer. In addition, most of the determined enzymes showed different variations between the two samples, and had significantly negative correlation with protein concentration, which was significantly and negatively correlated with water temperature, revealing that body weight and water temperature might have crucial effects on the immunity of A. japonicus cultured in pond.  相似文献   
23.
乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量及其治理对策   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
概述了乌鲁木齐市的自然、社会、经济条件,定量地分析了其大气环境质量及主要问题,提出了大气环境目标及其实现的相应对策。  相似文献   
24.
近年来乡村旅游的兴起以及旅游业的空前繁荣,使人们的环境意识日益增强,人们开始探讨旅游环境承载力,但是少有人研究特定乡村旅游环境承载力,通过对现有旅游环境承载力研究的分析,提出乡村旅游环境承载力概念。  相似文献   
25.
台湾地区绿化植物种类及其在环境保育上之应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文除阐述目前台湾植生绿化现况外,并分别依耕地覆盖草种、草皮草种、一般道路边坡植生植物、海岸防风建砂植物、泥岩地区及石灰石矿区等特殊土壤地区,分别说明其绿化植物种类及推广应用情形。另外,台湾地区目前进行之相关研究,包括植物材料在坡地农业上、生态绿化上之应用,特殊生育地速生树种、原生植物、保育植物材料之选拔。以及绿化推广与技术应用上之相关问题等,亦一并做概略之说明。  相似文献   
26.
旅游发展中利益相关者环境意识水平分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
环境意识作为一种新的独立意识形态,能够规范社区与社会的生活方式和经济活动方式.因此,旅游发展的生态安全状态取决于直接利益相关者的环境意识水平以及他们之间的相互利益协调关系,主要包括:旅游管理部门、旅游者、旅游企业和当地社区。文中根据环境意识结构,设计了旅游环境意识调查问卷,其主要的指标体系包括:旅游环境知识水平、旅游环境态度、旅游环境评价和旅游环境行为四个方面。并设计了环境意识总体评价模型,以此来计算旅游发展中旅游环境意识水平的综合得分。经过分析得知,旅游管理部门的环境意识水平最高,其次是社区居民,再次是旅游企业,最后是旅游者,而且总体水平都不高。所以,在旅游发展中必须提高各利益相关者的旅游环境意识水平,推动他们自觉参与保护旅游生态环境安全的行动中来。  相似文献   
27.
    
Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.  相似文献   
28.
绿色开敞空间能够为开展多种多样的环境教育活动提供资源和场地,是进行户外环境教育的主要场所。基于国内已有的相关文献,运用可视化文献分析软件Citespace和Excel,对相关文献的发表时间、发表文献期刊学科分布特征以及关键词共现的频次和首次出现时间进行分析。结果显示,相关研究最早可追溯至1997年,林业类期刊涉及的数量最多,出现的高频关键词有“环境教育”、“生态旅游”、“自然保护区”、“环境解说”、“国家公园”等。目前国内研究的环境教育场所类型以自然保护区为主,教育方式以生态旅游为主。根据环境教育研究现状及趋势对未来相关研究提出展望。  相似文献   
29.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper describes a model which links four levels in an ecological hierarchy using a series of matrices. The four levels are landscape, land cover type, community and species. Each matrix quantifies the probabilistic associations between entities in two adjacent levels in the hierarchy. A landscape classification (1 km resolution) provides a spatial element to the model enabling the distributions of species to be predicted and presented as maps within a geographical information system (GIS). Implementation of the model in Northern England is described. The distributions of 579 species of plants were predicted and compared with data from independent field surveys. The predicted distributions were found to be accurate for 59 % of species. The distributions of rare and non-native (introduced) species of plant were relatively poorly predicted. The potential of this approach to model plant species distributions is discussed.  相似文献   
30.
    
BACKGROUND: In intensive agriculture, the use of pesticides and soil fumigants is necessary to produce economically viable crops worldwide. However, this practice may involve undesirable effects on human health and the environment. In 1995, methyl bromide was restricted by the Montreal Protocol because of possible ozone depletion. The objective of this study was to compare intrinsic environmental and toxicological properties of 11 active substances with nematicidal properties, some of them recognized as methyl bromide alternatives. RESULTS: Four groups of active substances were discriminated by a series of principal component analyses (PCAs): (a) high toxicity to non-target fauna, humans and animals and medium persistence in the environment (cadusafos, ethoprophos and fenamiphos); (b) high toxicity to humans, animals and non-target fauna and high persistence (carbofuran and fosthiazate); (c) low toxicity to non-target fauna, humans and animals and low persistence (carbosulfan, benfuracarb and oxamyl); (d) low toxicity to humans, animals and non-target fauna and medium persistence in the environment (1,3-dichloropropene, chloropicrin and methyl bromide). CONCLUSION: Evaluating the multiple aspects of toxicological and environmental properties of active substances through PCA is proposed as a helpful tool for initially comparing the complex toxicological behaviour of active substances as plant protection products.  相似文献   
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